Assalammualaikum wr wb
Bismillahirohmannirrohim
Allohumma sholli 'alaa muhammad wa aali muhammad
all scholars (ulama) agree, that the name "Ahmad" that is mentioned in surah As-Shaaf verse 6 is about the prophecy prophetic of prophet muhammad as the last prophet and the savior for the whole universe.
And [mention] when Jesus, the son of Mary, said, "O children of Israel, indeed I am the messenger of Allah to you confirming what came before me of the Torah and bringing good tidings of a messenger to come after me, whose name is Ahmad." But when he came to them with clear evidences, they said, "This is obvious magic." (QS As-Shaaf [61]: 6)
Then, it's good if we see in the biblical statements about the messiah prophecy :
Moses said: 'The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your own brothers. You must listen to him. For that is what you asked of the Lord your God at Horeb on the day of the assembly when you said: "Let us not hear the voice of the Lord our God nor see His great fire any more, or we will die." The Lord said to me: "What they say is good. I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers; I will put My words in his mouth, and he will tell them everything I command them. If anyone does not listen to My words that the prophet speaks in My name, I Myself will call him to account."' (Deut 18 : 15-19)
Since then, no prophet has risen in Israel like Moses, whom the LORD knew face to face, who did all those signs and wonders the LORD sent him to do in Egypt—to Pharaoh and to all his officials and to his whole land. For no one has ever shown the mighty power or performed the awesome deeds that Moses did in the sight of all Israel. (Deut 34 : 10-12)
Okay, now we've got two points from the verses above. First, the prophet will be like prophet Moses (as). Second, there is no prophet from the Children of Israel who will be raised by God, who will be as same as prophet Moses (as), which had met with the God face to face. If we talk about prophet Jesus (as), then he is not qualified by what has been written in the book of Deurotonomy 34 : 10-12, because the prophet who will meet directly with God just as prophet Moses (as) was obviously not derived from the Children of Israel while Jesus is a descendant of the Israelites.
If we associate those verses with the religious teachings of Islam, especially the Shiite (Shia) 12th Imam schools. In the Bible also says that God promised to Prophet Ibrahim (as) that He will make the descendants of Prophet Ismail (as) as a great nation, and will be raised 12 the king of his descendants. As described in the biblical book of Genesis 17:20, reads as follows :
And as for Ishmael, I have heard you: I will surely bless him; I will make him fruitful and will greatly increase his numbers. He will be the father of twelve rulers, and I will make him into a great nation. (Genesis 17:20)
Now if we re-connect the verse above that speaks about 12 rulers, who are the descendants of prophet Ismail (as) with the Shiite 12th imam, which is believe with the 12 imams after the death of the prophet Muhammad (saw), then there is a correlation and linkage between the prophecies in the Bible with the teachings of Islam, especially in the teachings of Shiite 12th imam .
If we talk about the aspect of "as same as Prophet Musa (as)", we must first know what kind of similarity. Is it the same way in terms of physical, life or the same way in his prophetic aspect. If we talk about aspects of the physical form, then it is not possible because they both are two different beings. The most likely course of his prophetic aspect.
Now, we'll see some of Prophethood aspects of Prophet Musa (as), which include the following :
- The Prophet, Apostle & Grand Imam
- Bringing Torah to Israel.
- Migrate / Hijrah because there is a kind of pressure and oppression from the cruel ruler
- Meet the Lord/God to receive His commandments for the children of Israel
- Appointed Former Servant as a Military Commander before his death.
- Appointed a member of his family to became successor and as the First Imam for his people
- Having 12 Imam, and one who became the Grand Imam comes from the descendant of his successor
- His successor and his descendants is purified to become a Grand Imam/High Priest of Israel
- The Leadership of prophet Moses (as) successor is betrayed by some of his peoples
Then, we refer to some aspects of the prophethood of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) :
- The Prophet, Apostle, Imam and Master of all Prophets & Apostles
- Brings New Book of God as the New Testament for all mankind
- Migrate / Hijrah because there is a kind of pressure and oppression from the cruel ruler
- Meet the God to receive His commandments to all mankind in the event of isra mi'raj.
- Appointed his Former Servant as the Military Commander before his death.
- Appoint his family member as his successor and as the first Imam to his peoples
- Having 12 Imam from the descendants of his successor
- His successor and his descendants is purified to become a Grand Imam for mankind.
- The leadership of prophet Muhammad (saw) successor is betrayed by some of his peoples
Although it is possible there are some other prophetic aspect, I think we discussed what could I put first.
Because due to the difference in views between the two Islamic groups (Sunni and Shia), then Muslims only agree that the similarities between the prophet Moses (as) and Prophet Muhammad (saw) is limited to the first aspect until to the fifth aspects only, which include the following :
The first aspect
- Prophet Muhammad (as) is a prophet, apostle, Imam, master of the Prophets
- Prophet Musa (as) is a Prophet, Apostle, and Imam
Muhammad is not the father of [any] one of your men, but [he is] the Messenger of Allah and last of the prophets. And ever is Allah , of all things, Knowing. (QS Al-Ahzab 40)
The second aspect
Prophet Muhammad brought the Qur'an from the God which contains of legal laws / new testamentfor the whole human race. As same as Prophet Musa (as) received the Torah which contains 10 commandments of God.
Highly blessed is He, Who has sent down Al-Furqan, to His servant so that it may be a warner to all mankind (QS Al-Furqan : 1)
[We sent them] with clear proofs and written ordinances. And We revealed to you the message that you may make clear to the people what was sent down to them and that they might give thought. (QS An-Nahl 44)
And We wrote for him on the tablets [something] of all things - instruction and explanation for all things, [saying], "Take them with determination and order your people to take the best of it. I will show you the home of the defiantly disobedient." (QS Al-A'raf : 145)
"And He gave to Moses, when he had finished speaking with him on Mount Sinai, the two tablets of the testimony, tablets of stone, written with the finger of God." (Exodus 31:18)
"And the LORD gave me the two tablets of stone written with the finger of God, and on them were all the words that the LORD had spoken with you on the mountain out of the midst of the fire on the day of the assembly." (Deuteronomy 9:10)
The third aspect
Prophet Muhammad (saw) emigrated from Mecca to Medina because of the musryikin Mecca pressure , just as Prophet Moses (as) emigrated from Egypt to Canaan because of Pharaoh pressure.
O Prophet,.....who emigrated with you...And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful. (QS Al-Ahzab : 50)
And We took the Children of Israel across the sea; then they came upon a people intent in devotion to [some] idols of theirs. They said, "O Moses, make for us a god just as they have gods." He said, "Indeed, you are a people behaving ignorantly. (QS Al-A'raf 138)
And on that very day the LORD brought the Israelites out of Egypt by their divisions. (Exodus 12 : 51)
And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which he sware unto thy fathers to give thee, a land flowing with milk and honey, that thou shalt keep this service in this month. (Exodus 13 : 5)
The fourth aspect
Prophet Muhammad directly facing God in the events of Ascension (Isra Mi'raj). Same as Prophet Musa (as) when facing God at Mount Sinai.
And Moses brought forth the people out of the camp to meet with God; and they stood at the nether part of the mount. And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly. And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice. And the LORD came down upon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the LORD called Moses up to the top of the mount; and Moses went up. And the LORD said unto Moses, Go down, charge the people, lest they break through unto the LORD to gaze, and many of them perish. (Exodus 19 : 17-21)
And when Moses arrived at Our appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he said, "My Lord, show me [Yourself] that I may look at You." [ Allah ] said, "You will not see Me, but look at the mountain; if it should remain in place, then you will see Me." But when his Lord appeared to the mountain, He rendered it level, and Moses fell unconscious. And when he awoke, he said, "Exalted are You! I have repented to You, and I am the first of the believers". [ Allah ] said, "O Moses, I have chosen you over the people with My messages and My words [to you]. So take what I have given you and be among the grateful." (QS Al-A'Raf : 143-144)
Glorious is He Who initiated the migration of His servant by night, from the Sacred Masjid to the Remote Masjid whose environs We did bless that We might show him of Our signs. Surely, He is the Hearer, the Seer. (QS Al-Isra : 1) *See hadith isra and mi'raj
The fifth aspect:
Prophet Muhammad SAW, just before his death. Appointed his former servant, namely "Zayd ibn Haritzah" as Commander of the Army to fight in one place called Tabuk against the Roman army. But within the initial battle Zayd bin Haritzah was killed and became martyrs, then in a state of pain that was getting worse, Prophet Muhammad (saw) picked up Osama bin Zayd (r.a) ( son of Zayd bin Haritzah) as the commander of the army. At that time, Osama was still 18 years old, he led the troops to replace his father who had died on the battlefield.
Prophet Muhammad's (saw) actions in pointing Zayd bin Haritzah and Osama bin Zayd as the commander of the army, invites a variety of questions (subtle protest) among the Companions. Because there are still many among the Companions who where more greater and superior to lead the troops in a battle than Zayd and Osama. Especially since Osama is still in a very young age to be appointed as the commander of the army.
The reluctance of Muslims to join forces into Osama bin Zayd, causing the Prophet Muhammad in a state of illness that was getting worse and only a few days before he (saw) passed away, make him out of his room with being carried up to the pulpit of the mosque to make a speech reaffirming his decision will appoint Osama as Commander and ordered that Osama troops to leave immediately.
There are so many Muslims, even today, which do not understand the background of the Prophet Muhammad's decision to appoint Zayd bin Haritzah and Osama bin Zayd as Commander of the Army of Islam, even he (saw) in a state of illness that was getting worse and only a few days before he passed away, being very persistent defended his decision.
But if the problem were viewed from the side of Messianic prophecy, particularly relating to the 5th aspect of the prophet muhammad (saw) similarities with Prophet Moses (as), it is actually very clear, that the purpose of his (saw) decision to appointed Zayd ibn Haritzah and Osama bin Zayd, because Prophet Muhammad (saw) wanted to assert and prove that he (saw) is as same as Moses, which is a few moment before prophet Moses (as) passed away was also appointed his former servants to became his (as) Commander of the Armies, namely Yusya bin Nun (Joshua son of Nun).
Meanwhile, as a result of differing views and opinions among Muslims in terms of principal and religious branches, consequently there is also a difference in proving and answer the sixth aspect until the ninth aspect of the similarity between Prophet Mohammad (saw) with Prophet Musa (as).
The Sixth aspect :
Appoint his family member to becomes his successor and as the First Imam for his people.
According to Sunni opinion :
Although the majority of Muslims acknowledge the hadith (tradition) of Prophet Muhammad which reads: "Aren't you satisfied with being unto me what Aaron was unto Moses but with this exception that there is no prophet hood after me", "You are to me like Aaron to Moses except that there shall be no Prophet after me.", Then Prophet Muhammad (saw) also said : "Are you not satisfied to be to me like Aaron to Moses except that you are not a prophet? It would not be proper that I leave unless you are my successor." But this hadith is not meant as the appointment of Ali bin Abi Thalib (cousin and son in law the Prophet SAW) became Substitute / Successor (Wasiy) of Prophet Muhammad. Sunni faction did not recognize the position of Ali Bin Abi Talib as his (saw) successor. Even according to them the Wasiy (successor) of Prophet Muhammad (saw) is someone who is elected / appointed for the deal of peoples, and the first was Abu Bakr who elected / appointed at the Conference Hall Children of Saidah at Saqifah. Thus unconsciously Sunni groups have rejected the prophecies of Prophet Muhammad, as is said in the Al-Quran, Bible and Hadith.
According to Shia 12 Imam Opinion :
Hadith as previously mentioned above, interpreted and motioned as the appointment of imam Ali to become the successor of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to lead and guide the Islamic ummah.
The saying of the Prophet to Ali : You are to me like Aaron to Moses was reported by many companions and it is one of the best hadiths and most authentic. It was reported by Saad Ibn Abu Waqas . . . Also it was reported by Ibn Abbas Abu Sa-eed Al-Khidri Om Selemah (wife of the Prophet) Asma Bint Omeis Jabir Ibn Abdullah and numerous others.
Cue from the above hadith later declared by the Prophet Muhammad, while on his way home from the Farewell Pilgrimage. In the middle way to Medina, at a crossroad called Ghadir Khum, on 18 Dhu al-Hijjah 10 H, in front of 120,000 Muslims, Prophet Muhammad announced the official appointment of Ali bin Abi Talib as the successor (Wasiy) of Prophet Muhammad and as the leader of (Imam) after Prophet SAW.
If there is anyone that argues about the authenticity of the hadith of the conference of the Prophet with the members of his clan I do not know of anyone from the Muslim scholars who argues about the authenticity of this Hadith of Analogy between Ali and Aaron. The authenticity of this hadith supports the authenticity of the Hadith of the Conference because the two hadiths accord with each other and express the same meaning.
The Hadith of the Analogy between Ali and Aaron gives Ali all the offices of Aaron except the prophethood. Aaron was a brother of Moses and his minister. The Holy Qur'an states that Moses prayed to the Almighty saying :
"‘And grant me a helper from my family. ‘Aaron, my brother; ‘Increase my strength with him, ‘And make him share my task," (QS Taha: 30-33)
"Succeed me amongst my people; do right and follow not the way of those who do mischief." (QS Al-A'raf : 143)
Thus if the Sunni Group held the view, then the Prophet Muhammad did not fulfill the 6 th aspect of the equation with Prophet Moses, because he (peace be upon him) did not appoint members of his family as a leader / Imam for Muslims. While the Shiite group viewed by the opposite, that the Prophet Muhammad has met the 6 th aspect of the equation with Prophet Moses, by appointing Ali ibn Abi Talib as his (saw) successor.
continue.........
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